Vichara

Self Inquiry

Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi

A Selection of Teachings • Based on Sri Gajapathi Aiyyer’s 1936 Diary

Forward by Pravrajika Divyanandaprana

Various levels of knowledge arise from human observation and experience. Classified and categorized they fall under the landscape of the different sciences — objective and subjective. Mind sciences and life sciences have arrived at the fringe of concepts like prana [breath], will or intent and consciousness. But what the reader will find in this book is mind-bending. The book, which is a compilation of Sri Ramana Maharishi’s teachings drawn from the notes of Gajapathi, during his six-month stay in 1936 at Bhagavan’s feet, presents a completely new paradigm, a revolutionary view from a vantage point quite beyond mind. It reveals stunning insights into the very core of human consciousness — a peak into the Unchanging Self. Beyond logic and intellectualising, way beyond our persona and thinking faculties, lies the Atman, the True Self of man, which is most immediate and direct, and yet utterly beyond cogitation and speculation. 

Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharishi embodied pure Self-knowledge, the condensed essence of the Upanishads [sacred scriptures] and the Vedic [most important scriptures in Hinduism] wisdom. Radiant with the light from the very source of all knowledge, the silent Sage of Arunachala, offers incisive pathbreaking insights into the fundamental ground of all perception, cognition and mentation – Pure Being. For the seeker or sadhaka the Maharishi’s words are pure nectar coming from the very fount of existence. Openly direct and convincing, they speak to the soul rather than the mind.

 

Do not go on discussing or talking about it. Do not tell yourself, ‘First I shall obtain intellectual mastery over the technique and subsequently shall begin the application thereof.’ Instead – plunge into the practice HERE and NOW; stick to the teachings of any one Mahanubhavar [Great enlightened Being], and all will come right in the end.’’ 

Masters are there only to show you the way. Man fogs the fulfilment of their purpose by merely theorising or intellectualising about their respective lives, advents and teachings, such as asking,

‘Is this one or that one a Siddhapurusha [Perfected being], Muktapurusha [Liberated soul], or an Avatarapurusha [Divine incarnation?’ 

Of course, these are your mental concepts only. In fact, the Master, being not at all different from the formless Absolute seated in the tabernacle of the Sacred Heart of Man, is really synonymous with your own True Self and that being so, why seek him anywhere else?

The path of Ramana Maharishi yields the experiential feel of pure Being. It is gained through incisive Self-enquiry. It is not the path of belief nor of concepts or processes. When asked if the highest state of realisation could be made possible by giving up the idea of individuality, the Maharishi answers, 

“You may persuade yourself into believing, ‘I am not the body but the Self.’ The consequence will be that your troubles will only increase. One set of mental concepts has been substituted with another.” 

The questioner counters, “What sadhana [practice] should I do then?”

And the light shines forth, “You need not do anything except to dwell incessantly and intensely on the inner sense of ‘I’. That is good sadhana.” 

Thought, ideation, mentation and memory have all been put into place by the might of the Maharishi’s Realisation.

When asked, “Is it not good to remember all the time that I am the Self?”

He answers, “And who is the one who is doing the remembering? He is not the Self. He is an arbitrary mental conceptualisation of the mind masquerading as the actual Real Self.”

Bhagavan did not just put the mind in place, but also the visions born of long meditative practices. On page 54 of this book, we have the experience of such a devotee. Bhagavan’s words sent him into a paroxysm of joy and bliss before the very eyes of those present in the hall. 

Later when Bhagavan was asked – This fortunate man who left now – did Bhagavan just give him an experience of the Sahajastithi [natural state] ? 

Bhagavan casually replied, “His mind began to subside in the Heart, and the bliss was objectified as the object of his long contemplation or meditation, manifesting externally as a stupefying vision of mesmerising charm. If the bliss is understood to be not apart from one’s Self, one will stop attempting meditation and simply resolve oneself into THAT WHICH IS.”

The uniqueness of the Upanishadic path unfolds in the Maharishi’s acute observations, 

“Asking ‘Who am I?’ is the only sadhana which is such that the one making it is the same as the one in relation to whom it is made. The snake bites its own tail.”

The milestones along the path of vichara are clearly outlined – “How will the ‘I’-‘I’ consciousness manifest itself when the Heart is reached? Will I recognise it?”

Bhagavan replies, “Certainly, as pure Subjective Consciousness, free from all thought. It is pristine, unbroken awareness of the Beingness of the Self; there is no mistaking it when it remains uncontaminated by thought or by the faculty of the intellect. When the Aham Sphurana actually flashes forth, you will know it alright. Cognition of the Aham Sphurana is not based on intellectual corroboration. It is a direct experience of the Self, inferior only to the Sahajastithi of the Jnani [the Self-realised Sage].” 

Q: Is the Aham Sphurana something that is felt only by ripe souls?

B: Yes. 

Q: What are the others to do then? 

B: (smiling) Ripen themselves! 

Q: How? 

B: Vichara abhyasa [Self-enquiry practice] is the way.”

There are faculties higher than the intellect that hold the power to penetrate the laws of existence. Intuition is one such faculty manifest in a developed mind and heart. Our intuition knows and points at things which our informed mind and logic can never know nor explain. With this power up his sleeve, Bhagavan would effortlessly harmonise the paths of Bhakti [devotion] and Jnana [spiritual knowledge].

“The secret of Jnana is Bhakti. Unselfish love, motiveless, incessant, intransigent love, is the key that unlocks the gate of the Heart once and for all.”

That immortal love, which swallows up all the cares and worries of life and liberates the mind unasked, comes into the life of the sincere aspirant as the very fruit of Jnana. The Jnani radiates this divine love by his very presence and purifies and unifies our divided world. The book in the hands of the reader is a work of such power. The pristine, pure mind of the Master that speaks through this profound volume is bound to bring us to an awakening into the most obvious yet hidden truth of our own existence. Om Sri Ramanaya Namaha!  

Pravrajika Divyanandaprana, Sri Sarada Math, 

Ramakrishna Sarada Mission, Delhi

Vichara

Ramana eyes

Rooting Out the Ego and Persevering on the Path

Q: Which is genuine Vichara – asking myself Who am I? every time a thought arises or keenly investigating the problem of who I am?
B: The latter. If you want to get rid of a poisonous tree, do you lop off its leaves one by one? What is the use of such an approach? In the time it takes for you to cut down one leaf, leaves multitudinous in number and multifarious in variety would have sprouted forth from the vicious tree. Instead, attack the poisonous root of illusion, namely the ahamvritti, straightaway!

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Ramana with Boy and Stick

Danger of Emptiness [shunyastithi]

Bhagavan: ( )…Otherwise, the aspirant will in all likelihood unknowingly mistake the shunyastithi [state of emptiness] to be Jnana and rest in it, eventually becoming hopelessly lost.

It is an unfortunate fact that many teachers of meditation tutor shunyastithi and purposely delude their pupils into believing that it is Jnana.

Shunyastithi [state of emptiness] is a deadly spiritual poison.

It drives one away from the Heart, thereafter the lost ground has to be recovered all the way by means of doubling-back if Jnana is to be reached. That is why meditation is not encouraged here, but only Vichara.

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Rama Na

BE As You Are

Bhagavan: People are so obsessed with and enamoured by mental activity that they imagine that by some special kind of mental activity, such as meditation, for instance, the Self can be duped into revealing Itself. It is not so. Only complete cessation of mental activity can reveal the Self. Giving up the personal self or the idea of the seekers existence, should, again, be volitionless and unconditional; it should not be driven by any motive.

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Ramana5

Ripe Souls Attain Jnana

Bhagavan: People are so obsessed with and enamoured by mental activity that they imagine that by some special kind of mental activity, such as meditation, for instance, the Self can be duped into revealing Itself. It is not so. Only complete cessation of mental activity can reveal the Self. Giving up the personal self or the idea of the seekers existence, should, again, be volitionless and unconditional; it should not be driven by any motive.

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Ramana Group Picture

How we Sabotage Vichara

Chadwick: [unhappily] I have been staying here for months. I see no improvement in me. If anything, my condition seems to be taking a turn for the worse. I am desperate to Realise in this lifetime
B: Give up the idea that you are striving for Realisation.

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Ramana 3

Am I doing Vichara Correctly?

Q: What are the indicators based on which I shall be enabled to find out for myself whether I am doing vichara correctly or not?
B: If vichara has resulted in a state of mind wherein it abides as identical with pure Subjective Consciousness, then you have done it correctly. However, it is not easy for the neophyte to tell whether his mind is presently abiding as identical with pure Subjective Consciousness, because the torpid mental state of manolayam [state where mind structures are hazily projected] is often mistakenly regarded as being the tabula-rasa mental state of pure Subjective Consciousness.

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Sex Ramana Maharshi

Sex and the Self

Bhagavan: People are so obsessed with and enamoured by mental activity that they imagine that by some special kind of mental activity, such as meditation, for instance, the Self can be duped into revealing Itself. It is not so. Only complete cessation of mental activity can reveal the Self. Giving up the personal self or the idea of the seekers existence, should, again, be volitionless and unconditional; it should not be driven by any motive.

Read More »
Ramana Maharshi Unselfish Love

Complete Cessation of Mental Activity

Bhagavan: People are so obsessed with and enamoured by mental activity that they imagine that by some special kind of mental activity, such as meditation, for instance, the Self can be duped into revealing Itself. It is not so. Only complete cessation of mental activity can reveal the Self. Giving up the personal self or the idea of the seekers existence, should, again, be volitionless and unconditional; it should not be driven by any motive.

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The Secret of Jnana is Bhakti

B.: Is it the mind that wants to kill the mind? The mind cannot kill the mind. Anything that you endeavour to ‘do’ with the mind will only reinforce and perpetuate the notion of mind. Rather than pointlessly wondering, ‘How shall I eradicate the mind?’, go on seeking the mind. Incessant search for what mind is results in its disappearance.

The thing to do is to completely ignore the objects that appear by the reflected light of the mind, and instead seek the source of the mind’s illumination. If the source of the mind is continuously sought for, it begins to subside.

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Commentaries

At the 2023 Arunachala Pilgrimage Retreat John David commented on the Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi in the Aham Sphurana Book

Play Video

"You may imagine to yourself that you have parted from God, but know that He never parts from you."

DEC 1948
Sri Gajapathi Aiyyer, Author of Aham Sphurana, 
visiting Bhagavan with his Diaries.

Sri Gajapathi Aiyyer was a distinguished lawyer and a devotee par excellence of the Maharshi. He came to Ramana Ashram in 1936. He stayed for perhaps six months and kept meticulous diaries of the meetings in Bhagavan’s Hall.

These diaries are the core of the manuscript known as Aham Sphurana [‘I’-Pulsation]. It seems that in the 1950s his friend, Swami Rajeshwarananda, wanted to publish these notebooks. At that time the ashram didn’t have the necessary resources. 

Now some seventy years later a manuscript has appeared, Aham Sphurana, which appears to contain the material from Sri Gajapathi Aiyyer’s Red Notebooks. It may well be that other material has been added. It is a huge text of more than 1000 pages. 

In December 1948 Sri Gajapathi Aiyyer and his friend Swami Rajeshwarananda took a trunk containing half a dozen notebooks to Ramana Ashram and it was unpacked in front of Bhagavan. 

Gajapathi Aiyyer ran through the books patiently. They are hardbound notebooks, all of the same variety, done in beautiful red rexine. The pages are serially numbered from one to three-hundred, in black ink. The pages opening on to the left-hand side have their number inscribed at the top left corner and those on the right-hand side at the top right corner. The pages are lined with bluish lines in narrow spacing, and filled with young Gajapathi’s meticulous note-making competencies, all written in pencil. 

(See back of book p. 231 for four of these original pages – Ed)

Bhagavan smiled and said: See, how nicely the child has written everything!

Swami Rajeshwarananda: Gajapathi feels that he has committed an offence by chronicling your words without having sought out your permission.

B: Does not matter.

Gajapathi: I only wrote for my own recollection; if shown to others, will it not lead to confusion? Bhagavan gives specific advice to individual persons on spiritual matters; if shown to an unrelated person will that person not erroneously think that the advice is also applicable to his own case, and so mislead himself, with unwarranted consequences? Yet Swami Rajeshwarananda wants to make it available for all in the ashram to inspect.

Swami Rajeshwarananda: Bhagavan’s words are more solemn and sacred than the Upanishads [sacred Hindu scriptures] even. Why opine they could mislead anyone?

B: Somebody may have the same doubts as that of the entries in these books.

Gajapathi: But Bhagavan gives different responses to the same question to different persons, depending upon individual temperament!

B: If the reply found is not satisfactory, the search continues! The earnest seeker does not make himself content with the receipt of a response felt by him to be unsuitable, or only partially satisfactory. An intellect made subtler and subtler by repeated and prolonged submergence in Being, will automatically reject advice that directs it away from the Heart. 

Practising firm Permanence in the Shining of the Heart strengthens the faculty of intuition to the extent that it seeks out, time and again, only those words that redirect its course toward the self-resplendent Heart; such discrimination is not a function of the fictitious sense of individual free will; rather, it is automatic and comes by Gods Grace to the sincere seeker.

Gajapathi was about to say something, but it was time for the veda parayanam [Vedic chanting in Ramana ashram] to begin.

Bhagavan, reaching for his stick, remarked before leaving:

There is a destiny guiding the course of events. One need not fret about anything, imagining oneself to be personally responsible for it.